What is the primary fire resistance standard referenced for testing building components?

The primary fire resistance standard referenced for testing building components is ASTM E119. This standard provides a systematic approach for evaluating the fire-resistance performance of walls, floors, ceilings, and other structural elements in buildings. It primarily focuses on assessing how long these components can withstand exposure to fire while limiting the spread of flames and maintaining their structural integrity.

ASTM E119 includes rigorous testing protocols that simulate real-world fire conditions, allowing building professionals to determine how effectively materials can resist fire for specific periods (e.g., 1-hour, 2-hour ratings). This information is crucial for ensuring that building components meet safety requirements and help protect occupants in case of a fire.

While other standards mentioned in the options have their specific purposes—like ASTM E84, which is focused on surface burning characteristics, NFPA 701, which deals with the flammability of textiles and films, and ASTM E2307, which evaluates fire stopping and through-penetration firestop systems—they do not provide the comprehensive structural fire resistance testing that ASTM E119 does. Therefore, ASTM E119 is recognized as the primary standard for testing the fire resistance of building components.